Ukuphatha uBugcisa: IsiKhokelo esiNzulu-nzulu kuMatshini we-CNC kunye neempembelelo zayo kuMveliso wangoku.

CNC Machining iye yaliguqula ishishini lemveliso, ivumela imveliso echanekileyo nesebenzayo yamalungu antsonkothileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa koomatshini abalawulwa yikhompyuter ukusika kunye nokubumba imathiriyeli ekrwada ibe yimveliso egqityiweyo ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo. Ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kwi-aerospace, i-CNC machining idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni amacandelo akumgangatho ophezulu ayimfuneko kubuchwepheshe bale mihla.

Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siya kungena kwihlabathi le-CNC machining kwaye siphonononge impembelelo yalo kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Siza kugubungela yonke into ukusuka kwimbali yale teknoloji ukuya kwizicelo kunye neenzuzo zayo, kunye neengcamango eziphambili, iinkqubo, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwi-CNC machining. Ekupheleni kwesi sikhokelo, uya kuba nokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo indlela yokusebenza kwe-CNC machining kunye nendlela eyiguqule ngayo indlela esenza ngayo iimveliso ngenkulungwane yama-21. Ke masingene ngaphakathi kwaye sisebenzise ubuchwephesha bomatshini beCNC kunye!

Yintoni iCNC Machining?

CNC Machining , okanye iComputer Numerical Control machining, yinkqubo yokuvelisa esebenzisa isoftware yekhompyuter kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini ukulawula ukuhamba kwezixhobo zokusika kunye nokubumba izinto eziluhlaza kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso yanamhlanje ngenxa yokukwazi ukuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo ngesantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Imvelaphi ye-CNC machining inokulandelwa emva kwe-1940s, xa oomatshini bokuqala bolawulo lwamanani baphuhliswa ukuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokuvelisa. Nangona kunjalo, akuzange kube ngowe-1970 ukuba iteknoloji yekhompyutha iqhubele phambili ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ukuba umatshini we-CNC usebenze ngokwenene kwaye ufikeleleke kusetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso.

Namhlanje, i-CNC machining isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, kubandakanya i-aerospace, i-automotive, unyango, kunye ne-elektroniki. Kubalulekile ukuvelisa amacandelo anonyamezelo oluqilima kunye noyilo oluntsonkothileyo olungenakwenzeka ukufezekiswa ngesandla.

Izinto ezilungileyo zeCNC Machining

Ukusetyenziswa komatshini we-CNC kunika iingenelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kweendlela zokwenziwa kwemveli, oko kuyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kumashishini anamhlanje. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili kukukwazi ukuvelisa iindawo ezichanekileyo kunye nezihambelanayo kunye nokunyamezela okuqinileyo. Ukuchaneka komatshini we-CNC kuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye nganye idibana neenkcukacha ezichanekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weempazamo kunye nokusebenza kwakhona.

Enye inzuzo yeCNC machining sisantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokusetyenziswa kwesoftware yekhompyuter, uyilo lunokuguqulwa lube ziimveliso ezigqityiweyo kwiqhezu lexesha elinokulithatha kusetyenziswa iindlela zemveli. Oku kuvumela imveliso ekhawulezileyo kunye namaxesha amafutshane okukhokela, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwimarike yanamhlanje ekhawulezayo.

CNC Machining ikwavumela ukwanda kokuguquguquka kunye nokuguquguquka. Kwaloo matshini mnye unokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iinxalenye ezininzi, ngokutshintsha nje imiyalelo ekwinkqubo yekhompyutha. Oku kuyenza ilungele imveliso yebhetshi encinci kunye neodolo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo, umatshini we-CNC nawo ubonelela ngokhuseleko oluphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Ngeenkqubo ezizenzekelayo, kukho ingozi encinci yeengozi kunye nokulimala kwabasebenzi. Kwaye ngokuncitshiswa komsebenzi wabantu, iindleko zemveliso zinokuthotywa kakhulu, okukhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko kumashishini.

IsiKhokelo kwiiNkqubo ze-CNC zoMatshini kunye neZixhobo

Umatshini we-CNC ubandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo ukubumba imathiriyeli ekrwada kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ezona nkqubo zixhaphakileyo ziquka ukungqusha, ukujika, ukugrumba, nokusila.

Ukugaya yinkqubo yokusebenzisa abasiki be-rotary ukususa izinto kwi-workpiece, ukudala imilo efunekayo okanye uyilo. Ukujika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubandakanya ukujikeleza i-workpiece ngelixa isixhobo sokusika sihamba ngokuhambelana ne-axis yaso, okukhokelela kwiingxenye zecylindrical.

Ukugrumba yenye inkqubo ebalulekileyo kwi-CNC machining, esebenzisa amasuntswana e-drill ajikelezayo ukwenza imingxuma kwindawo yokusebenza. Kwaye ukugaya kusetyenziselwa ukugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo kweendawo ngokususa izinto ezincinci kunye nevili eliqhumayo.

Ukongeza kwezi nkqubo, kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa kwiCNC Machining , njengeentambo zokusila, izingqusho, iidrill, nezisila. Ezi zixhobo zinokulawulwa yiprogram yekhompyutheni ukusika ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubumba izinto ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo.

Kukwafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni koomatshini be-multi-axis, abavumela ukuyila okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokuntsonkotha. Aba matshini banokuhambisa isixhobo sokusika ecaleni kwee-axes ezininzi ngaxeshanye, okukhokelela kwimveliso ekhawulezayo nechanekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware ekhethekileyo kunye noyilo lweCAD/CAM kwenze ukuba umatshini weCNC usebenze ngakumbi kwaye uchanekile. Ezi nkqubo zivumela umfuziselo we-3D kunye nokulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zoyilo phambi kokuba yenziwe.

Impembelelo ye-CNC Machining kuMveliso wangoku

Akukho kuyiphika loo ntoCNC Machining ibe nefuthe elibonakalayo kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa iinxalenye ezichanekileyo nezintsonkothileyo kwiqhezu lexesha kuguqule indlela esiyila ngayo, siyiphuhlisa, kwaye sivelisa iimveliso kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili ze-CNC eziphembelele ukwenziwa kwemveliso:

Ukuzenzekela

I-automation yenye yezona mpembelelo zibalulekileyo zeCNC Machining kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Ngokusetyenziswa kwesoftware yekhompyuter kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo, umsebenzi womntu uyancitshiswa, okukhokelela ekwandeni kobuchule kunye nemveliso. Oku kukwakhokelele ekwehleni kweempazamo kunye nokusebenza ngokutsha, okubangele iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuzenzekelayo kweenkqubo kwenze ukuba umatshini we-CNC ufikeleleke kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kunye namashishini. Ayisafuni abaqhubi abanobuchule obuphezulu ukuba basebenzise oomatshini ngesandla, nto leyo iyenza ingabizi kakhulu kwaye isebenze kakuhle kwiinkampani ezincinci ukuba zibamkele.

Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-automation kuye kwaphucula ukhuseleko kwiindawo zokuvelisa. Ngokuphathwa okuncinci kwezandla kunye nemisebenzi enzima kakhulu, kukho umngcipheko oncitshisiweyo weengozi kunye nokwenzakala kwabasebenzi.

Ukwandiswa kweMveliso kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo

Umatshini we-CNC unyuse kakhulu imveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwimveliso yanamhlanje. Iindlela zemveli zihlala zibandakanya iinkqubo ezithatha ixesha ezifuna abasebenzi abanezakhono ukuba basebenzise oomatshini ngesandla, okukhokelela kwixesha elide lokuvelisa. Ngomatshini we-CNC, iinkqubo ezifanayo ziyakwazi ukuzenzekelayo kwaye zigqitywe ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa amaxesha okukhokela kunye nokuvumela imveliso engakumbi ngexesha elifutshane.

Ngaphezu koko, ngoomatshini abalawulwa yikhompyuter abasebenza ubusuku nemini, akukho mfuneko yokuphumla okanye ikhefu. Oku kuthetha ukuba imveliso ingaqhubeka ingaphazamiseki, ekhokelela ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nemveliso.

Ukuchaneka okuphuculweyo nokuchaneka

Ukuchaneka kunye nokuchaneka zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimveliso, njengoko neyona mpazamo incinci inokukhokelela kwiindawo ezineziphene okanye ukusilela kwemveliso. Umatshini we-CNC uguqule ukuchaneka kunye nokuchaneka ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezilawulwa yikhompyutha ezilandela iinkcukacha zoyilo ezichanekileyo.

Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zezandla, ezithanda iimpazamo zabantu,oomatshini be-CNC ingasoloko ivelisa iindawo ezichaneke kakhulu ezinokunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Oku akukhokelela kuphela kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kodwa kunciphisa nesidingo sokuphinda kusetyenzwe, ukonga ixesha kunye neendleko zamashishini.

Ukongeza, oomatshini be-CNC banokuvelisa uyilo oluntsonkothileyo noluntsokothileyo olungenakwenzeka okanye lube nzima kakhulu ukufezekiswa ngesandla. Oku kuvula amathuba okuqamba izinto ezintsha kunye nokuyila kuyilo lwemveliso.

Amaxesha okuvelisa akhawulezayo

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, umatshini weCNC unciphise kakhulu amaxesha emveliso xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli. Ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo kunye nesoftware ephezulu, iinxalenye zinokuveliswa ngesantya esikhawulezayo ngokungenelela okuncinci komntu.

Oku kuvumela amashishini ukuba ahlangabezane nemihla ebekiweyo kwaye azalisekise iiodolo ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekwanelisekeni kwabathengi kunye nokugcinwa. Ikwanika iinkampani ithuba lokukhuphisana ngokukwazi ukuzisa iimveliso kwintengiso ngokukhawuleza.

Iindleko zabasebenzi eziNcitshisiweyo

Iindleko zomsebenzi zinokuba yindleko enkulu kumashishini, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kumsebenzi wezandla ofuna izakhono ezikhethekileyo. Umatshini we-CNC unciphise iindleko zabasebenzi ngeenkqubo zokuzenzekelayo kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yabaqhubi abanezakhono eziphezulu.

Ngaphezu koko, ngamaxesha emveliso akhawulezayo, abasebenzi abambalwa bayafuneka ukuze bagqibezele umsebenzi ofanayo, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi iindleko zabasebenzi. Oku kwenza ukuba umatshini we-CNC ube yindlela eneendleko ezifanelekileyo kumashishini, ngakumbi lawo amancinci anezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo.

Ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwiMveliso

Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zeCNC Machining kukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwimveliso. Ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye noomatshini be-multi-axis, uluhlu olubanzi loyilo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo lunokwamkelwa. Oku kuvumela uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemveliso ukuba zenziwe kusetyenziswa i-CNC machining, iyenza ilungele amashishini ahlukeneyo afana ne-aerospace, izithuthi, kunye nezonyango.

Ngaphaya koko, ngesakhono sokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza phakathi koyilo kunye nokuvelisa iinxalenye ezilungiselelweyo, i-CNC machining ibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwimveliso ukuba iindlela zemveli azikwazi ukuhambelana. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kumashishini afuna imveliso yeebhetshi ezincinci okanye asoloko etshintsha uyilo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware yeCAD/CAM ivumela uhlengahlengiso olulula ukuba lwenziwe kuyilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno kunye neenkcukacha. Oku akugcini nje kuphela ixesha kodwa kunciphisa inkcitho kunye neendleko.